RTD Reads Warmer Than the Process? Check Excitation Self-Heating

RTD Reads Warmer Than the Process? Check Excitation Self-Heating

An RTD measurement requires excitation current, which also generates heat in the sensor.

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Thermocouple Suddenly Reads Extreme Heat? Check Open-Sensor Status

Thermocouple Suddenly Reads Extreme Heat? Check Open-Sensor Status

An extreme temperature can be an open-sensor response rather than real process heat.

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4–20 mA Works Near Zero but Fails Near Full Scale? Check Loop Voltage

4–20 mA Works Near Zero but Fails Near Full Scale? Check Loop Voltage

A current loop needs enough voltage to drive its highest intended current through every series load.

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A 250-Ohm Resistor Changed Your Signal? Check Burden and Scaling

A 250-Ohm Resistor Changed Your Signal? Check Burden and Scaling

A resistor used to convert loop current into voltage affects both scaling and the loop burden.

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More ADC Bits but the Same Measurement Error? Separate Resolution From Accuracy

More ADC Bits but the Same Measurement Error? Separate Resolution From Accuracy

More displayed digits or converter bits do not guarantee a more accurate measurement.

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Analog Value Flatlines at the Top? Find the Saturating Stage

Analog Value Flatlines at the Top? Find the Saturating Stage

A flat upper reading can mean the measurement chain has reached a limit.

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Magnetic Flowmeter Looks Alive in a Partly Empty Pipe? Check Measurement Validity

Magnetic Flowmeter Looks Alive in a Partly Empty Pipe? Check Measurement Validity

A powered electromagnetic flowmeter does not guarantee a valid flow measurement.

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Two Gas Flowmeters Disagree? Check Actual Versus Standard Volume

Two Gas Flowmeters Disagree? Check Actual Versus Standard Volume

Gas volume flow is incomplete without pressure and temperature reference conditions.

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