Cable Shield Is Connected but Noise Remains? Check Its Function and Path

Cable Shield Is Connected but Noise Remains? Check Its Function and Path

A shield connection needs the intended high-frequency path and installation geometry.

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Meter Shows Voltage on a Disconnected Wire? Understand Ghost Readings

Meter Shows Voltage on a Disconnected Wire? Understand Ghost Readings

A high-impedance meter can display capacitively coupled voltage on an otherwise disconnected conductor.

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Contactor Chatters Instead of Closing Cleanly? Check Coil Conditions

Contactor Chatters Instead of Closing Cleanly? Check Coil Conditions

Contactor chatter can indicate unsuitable coil supply or a mechanical seating problem.

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RTD Reads Warmer Than the Process? Check Excitation Self-Heating

RTD Reads Warmer Than the Process? Check Excitation Self-Heating

An RTD measurement requires excitation current, which also generates heat in the sensor.

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Thermocouple Suddenly Reads Extreme Heat? Check Open-Sensor Status

Thermocouple Suddenly Reads Extreme Heat? Check Open-Sensor Status

An extreme temperature can be an open-sensor response rather than real process heat.

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4–20 mA Works Near Zero but Fails Near Full Scale? Check Loop Voltage

4–20 mA Works Near Zero but Fails Near Full Scale? Check Loop Voltage

A current loop needs enough voltage to drive its highest intended current through every series load.

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A 250-Ohm Resistor Changed Your Signal? Check Burden and Scaling

A 250-Ohm Resistor Changed Your Signal? Check Burden and Scaling

A resistor used to convert loop current into voltage affects both scaling and the loop burden.

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More ADC Bits but the Same Measurement Error? Separate Resolution From Accuracy

More ADC Bits but the Same Measurement Error? Separate Resolution From Accuracy

More displayed digits or converter bits do not guarantee a more accurate measurement.

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Replacement Solenoid Fits but Fails? Match More Than the Connector

Replacement Solenoid Fits but Fails? Match More Than the Connector

A connector that fits does not prove that a replacement coil is compatible.

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